What is Turbocharger | Turbocharger function & Principle

TURBOCHARGER

Turbocharger is a mechanical device which increases the horse power, efficiency and speed of a vehicle.

It's main objective is to provide the maximum amount of air to the cylinder of the engine. So that it can burn more fuel at each second at the faster rate which was wasted due to lag of oxygen, when a turbo is used to exceed the pressure is called turbocharging.

it was invented by alferd  j.buchi (1879 - 1959)in 1905, an automotive engineer. It was design to reduce the size the of engine.

Before we go to turbocharger let discuss The basic of engine it comprises of four strokes diesel engine it will help you to understand. Why diesel engine only ?  
Because turbocharger are mainly placed in diesel engine to increases the volumetric efficiency of a combustion chamber and to increases the air inlet pressure  produced by the exhaust gas.

four strokes are given below:

suction strokes (air intakes)

compression stroke (air gets started compressing)

power stroke (combustion take place)

exhaust stroke (Waste gas flew away)

In exhaust stroke waste gases flew out from the cylinder through the exhaust valve , so what actually happens there will be  wastage of fuel which is injected in a cylinder due to insufficent amount of air which is required for combustion. so back to topic the shortage of air or oxygen which is required so it is completed by the turbocharger.

construction

A SHAFT CONNECTING TURBINE AND COMPRESSOR

It consist of casing in which a turbine, a compressor both were connected by a shaft . 

working

TURBOCHARGER SHOWING THE FLOW OF AIR 

When the exhaust gases flew away from the exhaust valve it goes to the turbocharger casing to the turbine and that hot air hits the turbine blades and it start rotating, the compressor is connected by the same shaft of turbine so it also get rotates . the compressor sucks the air from atmosphere, the hot air which comes from engine, so to removes the hotness of a air the intercoller is used to convert it into cold air because hot air is not good for engine efficiency. thus hot air particles are far away from each other as compare to the cold air and if the engine gets cold air then the amount of quantity will be large which will help in combustion and increases the efficiency of  a vehicle that how a turbocharger works.

advantage of turbocharger

Turbocharger  decreases the size the of engine.

Turbocharger does not take the engine power to run the turbine and compressor . 

Turbocharger uses the waste energy and it converts it into usefull.

Turbocharger increases the efficiency of a engine. example a vehicle having 1000  cc engine without   the turbocharger and a vehicle is having 900 cc engine having a turbocharger they both have same   power approximately.

 Turbocharger saves upto 10% of fuel.

disadvantage of turbocharger

There is turbo lag means the time between hitting the gas and feeling the boost is called the turbo lag.

when you start your vehicle and start accelerate, the amount of power actually  your vehicle should get it does not get.

Due to turbocharger the temperature become around 450 celsius due to which degradation of lubrication take place which is provided to shaft and bearing.

Realiability  has often been a problem too.